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Valve interstitial cells (VIC), cardiac valve interstitial cells, or also known as valvular interstitial cells (VICs), are the most prevalent cells in the heart valve leaflets, which are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and are responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix that provides the mechanical properties of the heart valve.
Mutations in the intercalated disc gene are responsible for various cardiomyopathies that can lead to heart failure. [2] Ruptured intercalated discs, in this case regarded as a visual artifact. Ruptured intercalated discs, when seen on histopathology, have two main causes: Microtome sectioning, thereby being a visual artifact. [4]
Interstitial fibrosis, which is unspecific, and has been described in congestive heart failure, hypertension, and normal aging. [2] Subepicardial fibrosis, also unspecific, and is associated with non-infarction diagnoses such as myocarditis and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. [3] [4] Replacement fibrosis, which indicates an older infarction. [2]
Three-dimensional schematic of the interstitium, a fluid-filled space supported by a network of collagen. In anatomy, the interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell membrane or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system.
In cardiology, aortic valve area calculation is an indirect method of determining the area of the aortic valve of the heart. The calculated aortic valve orifice area is currently one of the measures for evaluating the severity of aortic stenosis. A valve area of less than 1.0 cm 2 is considered to be severe aortic stenosis. [1] [2]
The myocytes of the heart (also called the myocardial fibers) are arranged in a general circumferential direction in the ventricles. In the left ventricle (LV), the fiber will change gradually in direction from a certain longitudinal-circumferential direction in the outer layer of the heart (epicardium) to another angulated direction almost orthogonal in the inner wall (endocardium), becoming ...
In crystallography, interstitial sites, holes or voids are the empty space that exists between the packing of atoms (spheres) in the crystal structure. [ citation needed ] The holes are easy to see if you try to pack circles together; no matter how close you get them or how you arrange them, you will have empty space in between.
Constrictive pericarditis is a condition characterized by a thickened, fibrotic pericardium, limiting the heart's ability to function normally. [1] In many cases, the condition continues to be difficult to diagnose and therefore benefits from a good understanding of the underlying cause.