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The desirable (left) and undesirable pathways for partial hydrogenation of an unsaturated fat. Elaidic acid is a trans fat with negative health effects. Full hydrogenation results in the conversion of all of the unsaturated fats into saturated fats by transforming all of the double bonds in the fat into single bonds.
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The human body is composed of approximately: 64% water, 20% protein, 10% fat, 1% carbohydrate, 5% minerals. [1] The decomposition of soft tissue is characterized by the breakdown of these macromolecules, and thus a large proportion of the decomposition products should reflect the amount of protein and fat content initially present in the body. [4]
The processing of fats by hydrogenation can convert some unsaturated fats into trans fat]]s. The presence of trans fats in various processed foods has received much attention. Margarine , a common product that can contain trans fats Cover of original Crisco cookbook, 1912.
The hydrogenation process was widely adopted by the food industry in the early 1900s; first for the production of margarine, a replacement for butter and shortening, [37] and eventually for various other fats used in snack food, packaged baked goods, and deep fried products. [17] Full hydrogenation of a fat or oil produces a fully saturated fat.
Saturated fat; Unsaturated fat. Monounsaturated fat; Polyunsaturated fat; Components; Fatty acid (Essential fatty acid) Omega−3; Omega−6; Omega−7; Omega−9; Triglyceride; Cholesterol; Manufactured fats; Fat hydrogenation. Trans fat; Fat interesterification
The hydrogenation of triglycerides (vs fatty acids) is advantageous because the carboxylic acids degrade the nickel catalysts, affording nickel soaps. During partial hydrogenation, unsaturated fatty acids can be isomerized from cis to trans configuration.
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