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Pelvic, sacral, and proximal femoral fractures are of increasing significance especially with the aging of the population. [1] Figure 12: Right sacral alar insufficiency fracture in a 29-year-old woman with a 9-year history of corticosteroid therapy for systemic lupus erythematous. Conventional radiographs showed normal appearance (not shown).
The "Honda sign" (H-pattern [1]) is a radiologic sign seen in case of sacral insufficiency fracture in bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures on a radioisotope bone scan. [2] It gets its name because the shape observed resembles the logo of the Honda motor company, resembling the alphabet "H".
The Denis Classification System classified sacral fractures into three regions according to the part of the bone affected. The location of the fracture has a major influence on symptoms experienced. [3] [4] Zone 1 , may cause disruption to the nerve root of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) Zone 2 (sacral foramina), may cause sciatica
The sacroiliac joint is a true diarthrodial joint that joins the sacrum to the pelvis. [1] [8] [16] [17] The sacrum connects on the right and left sides to the ilia (pelvic bones) to form the sacroiliac joints. The pelvic girdle is made up of two innominate bones (the iliac bones) and the sacrum.
A pelvic fracture is a break of the bony structure of the pelvis. [1] This includes any break of the sacrum, hip bones (ischium, pubis, ilium), or tailbone. [1] Symptoms include pain, particularly with movement. [1] Complications may include internal bleeding, injury to the bladder, or vaginal trauma. [2] [3]
Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, sacrum, lumbar spine (lower back), hips, hands, and writs. Stress ...
Fragility fracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as a result of an injury that would be insufficient to cause fracture in a normal bone. [2] There are three fracture sites said to be typical of fragility fractures: vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist.
Sacral insufficiency fractures are an infrequent but often disabling cause of severe low back pain. At times, the pain can be so severe that it may cause the patients to become bedridden, placing them at risk for complications of immobility such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, muscle atrophy, decubitus ulcers, and bone demineralization.