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The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
The stiffness (or rate) of springs in parallel is additive, as is the compliance of springs in series. Springs are made from a variety of elastic materials, the most common being spring steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after
In a parallel stack, hysteresis (load losses) will occur due to friction between the springs. The hysteresis losses can be advantageous in some systems because of the added damping and dissipation of vibration energy. This loss due to friction can be calculated using hysteresis methods. Ideally, no more than 4 springs should be placed in parallel.
Materials undergoing strain are often modeled with mechanical components, such as springs (restorative force component) and dashpots (damping component).. Connecting a spring and damper in series yields a model of a Maxwell material while connecting a spring and damper in parallel yields a model of a Kelvin–Voigt material. [2]
This article used to be a couple of sections in Hooke's law and spring (device).Note that there is a series and parallel circuits for the electrical analogues. Today that article is far longer than this one, as it covers resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. Hopefully this article will grow to include at least series and parallel "dashpots" (a dashpot being a combination of spring and damper).
The various bushings or ball joints do not have to be on horizontal axes, parallel to the vehicle center line. If they are set at an angle, then anti-dive and anti-squat geometry can be dialed in. In many racing cars, the springs and dampers are relocated inside the bodywork.
A 2-dimensional spring system. In engineering and physics, a spring system or spring network is a model of physics described as a graph with a position at each vertex and a spring of given stiffness and length along each edge.
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