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The Food Security Act of 1985 was passed by the United States Congress on December 18, 1985, and signed by the President Ronald Reagan on December 23, 1985. [1] This was the first farm bill with a specific title devoted to conservation programs and policies. [2]
The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six CAPs. [6] The NAAQS are health based and the EPA sets two types of standards: primary and secondary. The primary standards are designed to protect the health of 'sensitive' populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly.
In United States environmental law, a non-attainment area is an area that exceeds pollution limits for one or more criteria pollutants: ozone (O 3), atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5 /PM 10), lead (Pb), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO x), and nitrogen oxides (NO x).
The Clean Air Act 1972 was replaced by the Resource Management Act 1991. The act did not set air quality standards, but did provide for national guidance to be developed. This resulted in the promulgation of New Zealand's National Environmental Standards for Air Quality in 2004 with subsequent amendments. [28]
Swampbuster is a provision officially titled the Wetland Conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985 (P.L. 99–198) that discourages the conversion of wetlands to cropland use. The purpose was a balance between attempting to reduce crop subsidies, and conserving wetlands (1985 Conference Report).
Sodbuster was a program created by Title 12 of the Food Security Act of 1985 designed to discourage the plowing up of erosion-prone grasslands for use as cropland. [citation needed] In congressional hearings for the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981, Idaho governor John Evans urged Congress strongly to enact legislation for sodbuster programs, in combination with a conservation reserve program. [1]
For sulfur dioxide (SO 2), the guidelines stipulate concentrations not exceeding 40 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For carbon monoxide concentrations not exceeding 4 mg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] Up to 30 % of Europeans living in cities are exposed to air pollutant levels exceeding EU air quality standards.
Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. [8] Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases.