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The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight bearing on the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle.Axle load is an important design consideration in the engineering of roadways and railways, as both are designed to tolerate a maximum weight-per-axle (axle load); exceeding the maximum rated axle load will cause damage to the roadway or railway tracks.
In effect, the formula reduces the legal weight limit for shorter trucks with fewer axles (see table below). For example, a 25-foot (7.6 m) three-axle dump truck would have a gross weight limit of 54,500 pounds (24,700 kg), instead of 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg), which is the standard weight limit for 63-foot (19.2 m) five-axle tractor-trailer. [1]
The gross axle weight rating (GAWR) is the maximum distributed weight that may be supported by an axle of a road vehicle. Typically, GAWR is followed by either the letters FR or RR, which indicate front or rear axles respectively.
There may also be load-per-axle limits. However, a load that exceeds the per-axle limits but not the overall weight limits is considered overweight. [ 1 ] Examples of oversize/overweight loads include construction machines (cranes, front loaders, backhoes, etc.), pre-built homes, containers, and construction elements (bridge beams, generators ...
Truck (total weight 30 tonnes, 3 axles): load per axle: 10 tonnes 10 4 = 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 = 10 , 000 {\displaystyle 10^{4}=10\cdot 10\cdot 10\cdot 10=10,000} times as large The load on the road from one axle (2 wheels) is 10 times greater for a truck than for a car.
Each standard tracked vehicle is also defined in terms of track width, length, and spacing. Standard wheeled vehicles are designated by the same MLC numbers (4 through 150), which correspond to about 85% of the gross weight in short tons. Each standard wheeled vehicle is defined in terms of gross weight, number of axles, axle spacing, and axle ...
The typical 5-axle tractor-trailer combination, also called a "semi" or "18-wheeler", is a Class 8 vehicle. [30] Standard trailers vary in length from 8 ft (2.4 m) containers to 57 ft (17 m) van trailers, with the most common length being the 53 ft (16 m) trailer. [ 31 ]
If a vehicle had a 'V' as the second letter, its mass limits were in line with the eastern states mass limits, which were: Steer axle, 1 axle, 2 tyres: 5.40 t (5.31 long tons; 5.95 short tons) Steer axle, 2 axles, 2 tyres per axle: Non load sharing suspension 9.00 t (8.86 long tons; 9.92 short tons)