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Rafter ties are designed to tie together the bottoms of opposing rafters on a roof, to resist the outward thrust where the roof meets the house ceiling and walls. This helps keep walls from spreading due to the weight of the roof and anything on it, notably wet snow. In many or most homes, the ceiling joists also serve as the rafter ties. When ...
Architects, engineers and builders found it difficult to compare rated capacities and to use fully the economies of steel joist construction. Gable steel joists being erected. Members of the industry began to organize the institute, and in 1928 the first standard specifications were adopted, followed in 1929 by the first load table. The joists ...
Between the joists, the area called a joist-bay, and above the ceiling in some old houses is material called pugging, which was used to deaden sound, insulate, and resist the spread of fire. A joist hanger. In platform framing, the joists may be connected to the rim joist with toenailing or by using a joist hanger. [6]
The typical roof replacement will range between $4 to $11 per square foot. The higher the square footage, the more your roof replacement will cost. For a 1,500 square foot roof, homeowners can ...
The carpenter is carrying two roof rafters joined to a ridge pole to set them in place on the far end of the structure. Roofs are usually built to provide a sloping surface intended to shed rain or snow, with slopes ranging from 1:15 (less than an inch per linear foot of horizontal span), to steep slopes of more than 2:1.
Compass rafter: A rafter curved or bowed on the top (the top surface of a rafter is called its "back") or both the top and bottom surfaces. Curb rafter: The upper rafters in a curb (kerb, gambrel, Mansard roof) roof. Hip rafter (angle rafter): The rafter in the corners of a hip roof. The foot of a hip rafter lands on a dragon beam.