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The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms [1] or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an aerobic process performed by small groups of autotrophic bacteria and archaea.
A modern computerised nitriding furnace. Nitriding is a heat treating process that diffuses nitrogen into the surface of a metal to create a case-hardened surface. These processes are most commonly used on low-alloy steels. They are also used on titanium, aluminium and molybdenum.
Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms like plants, fungi and certain bacteria that can fix nitrogen gas (N 2) depend on the ability to assimilate nitrate or ammonia for their needs.
Particular metals can react with nitrogen gas to give nitrides, a process called nitriding. For example, metallic lithium burns in an atmosphere of nitrogen, giving lithium nitride . Hydrolysis of the resulting nitride gives ammonia.
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen (N 2) is converted into ammonia (NH 3). [1] It occurs both biologically and abiologically in chemical industries. Biological nitrogen fixation or diazotrophy is catalyzed by enzymes called nitrogenases. [2]
Platinum nitride and osmium nitride may contain N 2 units, and as such should not be called nitrides. [11] [12] Nitrides of heavier members from group 11 and 12 are less stable than copper nitride (Cu 3 N) and zinc nitride (Zn 3 N 2): dry silver nitride (Ag 3 N) is a contact explosive which may detonate from the slightest touch, even a falling ...
Mononuclear complexes feature terminal nitride ligands, typically with short M-N distances consistent with metal ligand multiple bonds. For example, in the anion in PPh 4 [MoNCl 4], the Mo-N distance is 163.7 pm. The occurrence of terminal nitrido ligands follow the patterns seen for oxo complexes: they are more common for early and heavier metals.
The nitride anion (N 3−) is the strongest π donor known amongst ligands (the second-strongest is O 2−). Nitrido complexes are generally made by thermal decomposition of azides or by deprotonating ammonia, and they usually involve a terminal {≡N} 3− group. The linear azide anion (N −