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A joint work is "a work prepared by two or more authors with the intention that their contributions be merged into inseparable or independent parts of a unitary whole." [28] [31] Collective works: A collective work is a collection of independent, separately copyrightable works of authorship, such as a newspaper, magazine, or encyclopedia. [28]
Certain works, particularly logos and emblems of government agencies, while not copyrightable, are still protected by other laws that are similar in effect to trademark laws. Such laws are intended to protect indicators of source or quality.
Such areas include the unorganized territories, the trust territories, and other possessions of the United States." Registration may be permitted, however, depending on the nationality of the individual. [38] However, some older works in the unorganized territories may be copyrightable.
The length of the term can depend on several factors, including the type of work (e.g. musical composition, novel), whether the work has been published, and whether the work was created by an individual or a corporation. In most of the world, the default length of copyright is the life of the author plus either 50 or 70 years.
Works "prepared by an officer or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties" are automatically in the public domain by law. [29] Examples include military journalism, federal court opinions, congressional committee reports, and census data. However, works created by a contractor for the government are still subject ...
[38] A parodic derivative work based on Duchamp's parodic derivative work is shown at this location Archived 2 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine. The mockery of "Oh, Pretty Woman," discussed in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., is a similar example of transforming a work by showing it in a harsh new light or criticizing its underlying ...
Well known limitations and exceptions include fair dealing in the UK and Canada, as well as the fair use doctrine in the US. The undermining of copyright law, and in particular limitations and exceptions to copyright by contract law is an issue frequently raised by libraries, and library groups such as International Federation of Library ...
For a cinematographic work, 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author's consent. [70]: Art. 15 For a photographic work or work of applied art, 25 years from the production of the work [70]: Art. 16 Yes [70]: Art. 12 Dominica: Life + 70 years [71] Dominican Republic: Life + 70 years [72]