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Phasor notation (also known as angle notation) is a mathematical notation used in electronics engineering and electrical engineering.A vector whose polar coordinates are magnitude and angle is written . [13] can represent either the vector (, ) or the complex number + =, according to Euler's formula with =, both of which have magnitudes of 1.
Cloth, treated to be hydrophobic, shows a high contact angle. The theoretical description of contact angle arises from the consideration of a thermodynamic equilibrium between the three phases: the liquid phase (L), the solid phase (S), and the gas or vapor phase (G) (which could be a mixture of ambient atmosphere and an equilibrium concentration of the liquid vapor).
The phase shift of the reflected wave on total internal reflection can similarly be obtained from the phase angles of r p and r s (whose magnitudes are unity in this case). These phase shifts are different for s and p waves, which is the well-known principle by which total internal reflection is used to effect polarization transformations.
In telecommunications and transmission line theory, the reflection coefficient is the ratio of the complex amplitude of the reflected wave to that of the incident wave. The voltage and current at any point along a transmission line can always be resolved into forward and reflected traveling waves given a specified reference impedance Z 0.
Similar to the temporal phasor, the Fourier transform of a spectrum can be used to create a phasor. Consider a Gaussian spectrum with zero spectral width and a changing emission maximum from channel zero to K; the phasor rotates on a circle from small angles to larger angles. This corresponds to the shift theorem of Fourier transforms.
Here ψ is the angle between the path of the wave source and the direction of wave propagation (the wave vector k), and the circles represent wavefronts. Consider one of the phase circles of Fig.12.3 for a particular k, corresponding to the time t in the past, Fig.12.2. Its radius is QS, and the phase chevron side is the tangent PS to it.
This angle is chosen so that each reflection introduces a phase difference of 45° between the components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the plane of reflection. For a given, sufficiently high refractive index , there are two angles meeting this criterion; for example, an index of 1.5 requires an angle of 50.2° or 53.3°.
Different contact angle scenarios. reflects the relative strength of the interaction between surface tensions at the three phase contact, and is the geometric ratio between the energy gained in forming a unit area of the solid–liquid interface to that required to form a liquid–air interface. [1]