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Metacognitive training (MCT) is an approach for treating the symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, [1] especially delusions, [2] which has been adapted for other disorders such as depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder and borderline over the years (see below). It was developed by Steffen Moritz and Todd Woodward.
Instead, communities, friends, and family provide the support people need to get by. Even if someone is seeing a therapist, these support systems act as a way to help someone through tough times ...
A thought disorder (TD) is a disturbance in cognition which affects language, thought and communication. [1] [2] Psychiatric and psychological glossaries in 2015 and 2017 identified thought disorders as encompassing poverty of ideas, paralogia (a reasoning disorder characterized by expression of illogical or delusional thoughts), word salad, and delusions—all disturbances of thought content ...
In psychiatry, derailment (aka loosening of association, asyndesis, asyndetic thinking, knight's move thinking, entgleisen, disorganised thinking [1]) categorises any speech comprising sequences of unrelated or barely related ideas; the topic often changes from one sentence to another. [2] [3] [1]
The cause of delusional disorder is unknown, [8] but genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors may play a significant role in its development. [better source needed] Some people with delusional disorders may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that send and receive messages to the brain. [18]
Reality testing is the psychotherapeutic function by which the objective or real world and one's relationship to it are reflected on and evaluated by the observer. This process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is a technique commonly used in psychoanalysis and behavior therapy, and was originally devised by Sigmund Freud.
These two judgment biases help explain how delusion-prone people could grasp onto extreme delusions and be very resistant to change. Researchers claim this is enough to explain the delusional thinking. However, other researchers still argue that these biases are not enough to explain why they remain completely impervious to evidence over time.
The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with limited competence in a particular domain overestimate their abilities. It was first described by David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills.