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In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances. International units are used to quantify vitamins and biologics ( hormones , some medications , vaccines , blood products and similar biologically ...
The enzyme unit, or international unit for enzyme (symbol U, sometimes also IU) is a unit of enzyme's catalytic activity. [ 1 ] 1 U (μmol/min) is defined as the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one micro mole of substrate per minute under the specified conditions of the assay method .
α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E.Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain, along with an aromatic ring is situated near the carbonyls in the fatty acyl chains of the ...
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D 2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement [3] to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency [4] due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
Food and supplement labels still generally use IU, but IU can be converted to the more useful retinol activity equivalent as follows: [19] 1 μg RAE = 3.33 IU retinol; 1 IU retinol = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from supplements = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from food = 0.05 μg RAE; 1 IU α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin from food = 0.025 μg ...
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Calcifediol is the precursor for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. [3] [4] It is synthesized in the liver, by hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) at the 25-position. [3] This enzymatic 25-hydroxylase reaction is mostly due to the actions of CYP2R1 , present in microsomes , although other enzymes such as mitochondrial CYP27A1 ...
For example, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that adults on a 2,000 calorie diet get between 60 and 90 milligrams of vitamin C per day. [18] This is the middle of the bell curve. The upper limit is 2,000 milligrams per day for adults, which is considered potentially dangerous.