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Ozone hole in North America during 1984 (abnormally warm, reducing ozone depletion) and 1997 (abnormally cold, resulting in increased seasonal depletion). Source: NASA [46] The Antarctic ozone hole is an area of the Antarctic stratosphere in which the recent ozone levels have dropped to as low as 33 percent of their pre-1975 values. [47]
Acute inhalation injury may result from frequent and widespread use of household cleaning agents and industrial gases (including chlorine and ammonia).The airways and lungs receive continuous first-pass exposure to non-toxic and irritant or toxic gases via inhalation.
This cooling is projected to result in a relative rise in ozone (O 3) depletion in the polar region, as well as an increase in the frequency of ozone holes. [38] Ozone depletion, on the other hand, is a radiative forcing of the climate system. Two opposite effects exist: Reduced ozone causes the stratosphere to absorb less solar radiation ...
The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded (September 1985) 2012 retrospective video by NASA on the Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer [2] is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion is a sequence of reports sponsored by WMO/UNEP. The most recent report is from 2018. The most recent report is from 2018. The reports were set up to inform the Montreal Protocol and amendments about ozone depletion .
For ozone (O 3), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [2] For nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the guidelines set 10 μg/m 3 for the annual mean or 25 μg/m 3 for a 24-hours mean. [2] For sulfur dioxide (SO 2), the guidelines stipulate concentrations not exceeding 40 μg/m 3 24 ...
It plays an important role in the process of ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen. Cl • + O 3 → ClO • + O 2. This reaction causes the depletion of the ozone layer. [1] The resulting ClO • radicals can further react: ClO • + O • → Cl • + O 2 ...
Pictured left: Image of the largest Antarctic ozone hole ever recorded (September 2006). Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions.