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The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a psychological assessment instrument comprising 22 symptom items pertaining to occupational burnout. [1] The original form of the MBI was developed by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson with the goal of assessing an individual's experience of burnout. [ 2 ]
In 1981, Maslach and fellow American psychologist Susan E. Jackson published an instrument for assessing occupational burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). [2] It was the first such instrument of its kind, and soon became the most widely used measure of occupational burnout. [ 45 ]
This model suggests burnout consists of three interrelated parts: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment. Diminished personal accomplishment refers to negative evaluations of the self. [7] [8] [9] Some new perspectives on how to prevent burnout, also suggested by Christina Maslach, include two approaches.
There are two schools of thought with regard to the definition of work engagement. On the one hand Maslach and Leiter assume that a continuum exists with burnout and engagement as two opposite poles. [3] The second school of thought operationalizes engagement in its own right as the positive antithesis of burnout. [4]
Christina Maslach (born January 21, 1946) [1] is an American social psychologist and professor emerita of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, [2] known for her research on occupational burnout. [3] She is a co-author of the Maslach Burnout Inventory [4] and Areas of Worklife Survey. [5]
Susan E. Jackson is an American researcher in the fields of managing for environmental sustainability, strategic human resource management, occupational burnout, and work team diversity. [1] She was the co-author of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in 1981, [ 2 ] the primary diagnostic instrument for the condition of occupational burnout.
The sociologist Arlie Hochschild provided the first definition of emotional labor, which is displaying certain emotions to meet the requirements of a job. [1] The related term emotion work refers to displaying emotions you don't feel within the private sphere of one's home or interactions with family and friends .
Emotion work is a sociological concept that refers the effort of trying to change in degree or quality an emotion or feeling; it's the work of changing your feelings or displaying feelings that you don't feel. [1] Emotion work includes suppressing strong emotions that you feel, and evoking or producing feelings that you do not feel.