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The devil as a fallen angel symbolized Adam's fall from God's grace and Satan represented a power within man. [165] Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) used the devil as a metaphor. The devil, Satan and similar figures mentioned throughout the Bible, refer in his work Leviathan to offices or qualities but not individual beings. [176]
Belial is a Hebrew word "used to characterize the wicked or worthless". The etymology of the word is often understood as "lacking worth", [5] from two common words: beli-(בְּלִי "without-") and ya'al (יָעַל "to be of value").
The devil resides in this lower world, of which he is the prince, the Demiurge in the heavens; his mother Sophia in the middle region, above the heavens and below the Pleroma. [48] The Valentinian Heracleon [49] interpreted the devil as the principle of evil, that of hyle (matter). As he writes in his commentary on John 4:21,
Similar to the way certain Christian denominations accuse each other of heresy, different satanic groups—mainly the Church of Satan (CoS), the Temple of Set (ToS), the Order of Nine Angles (ONA), and The Satanic Temple (TST)—often accuse one another of being fraudulent Satanists and/or ignorant of true Satanism. [6]
The Devil is depicted as a vampire bat in Georges Méliès' The Haunted Castle (1896), [293] which is often considered the first horror film. [294] So-called "Black Masses" have been portrayed in sensationalist B-movies since the 1960s. [295] One of the first films to portray such a ritual was the 1965 film Eye of the Devil, also known as 13.
In theological sources, predominantly Christian, Beelzebub is another name for Satan. He is known in demonology as one of the seven deadly demons or seven princes of Hell, Beelzebub representing gluttony and envy. The Dictionnaire Infernal describes Beelzebub as a being capable of flying, known as the "Lord of the Flyers", or the "Lord of the ...
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The Testament of Solomon is a pseudepigraphical work, purportedly written by King Solomon, in which the author mostly describes particular demons who he enslaved to help build the temple, the questions he put to them about their deeds and how they could be thwarted, and their answers, which provide a kind of self-help manual against demonic activity.