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Brain injuries have far-reaching and varied consequences due to the nature of the brain as the main source of bodily control. Brain-injured people commonly experience issues with memory. [15] This can be issues with either long or short-term memories depending on the location and severity of the injury.
Craniotomy surgeries are used in these cases to lessen the pressure by draining off the blood. Brain injury can occur at the site of impact, but can also be at the opposite side of the skull due to a contrecoup effect (the impact to the head can cause the brain to move within the skull, causing the brain to impact the interior of the skull ...
[13] [37] Because TBI is more common in young people, its costs to society are high due to the loss of productive years to death and disability. [10] The age groups most at risk for TBI are children ages five to nine and adults over age 80, [ 9 ] and the highest rates of death and hospitalization due to TBI are in people over age 65. [ 140 ]
Brain oedema formation is due to the breakdown of red blood cells, where haemoglobin and other contents of red blood cells are released. The release of these red blood cells contents causes toxic effect on the brain and causes brain oedema. Besides, the breaking down of blood-brain barrier also contributes to the odema formation. [13]
Hypothermia has two main types of causes. It classically occurs from exposure to cold weather and cold water immersion. It may also occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. [1] Commonly, this includes alcohol intoxication but may also include low blood sugar, anorexia and advanced age.
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
Patients may have a history of loss of consciousness but they recover and do not relapse. Clinical onset occurs over hours. Complications include focal neurologic deficits depending on the site of hematoma and brain injury, increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation of brain and ischemia due to reduced blood supply and seizures.
It is the second-leading cause of accidental death worldwide and a major cause of personal injury, especially for the elderly. [4] Falls in older adults are a major class of preventable injuries. Construction workers, electricians, miners, and painters are occupations with high rates of fall injuries.