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  2. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Ass'n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinner_v._Railway_Labor...

    However, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Skinner that random drug testing is permissible for employees in safety sensitive positions. Justice Kennedy, speaking for the majority, wrote: [T]he Government interest in testing without a showing of individualized suspicion is compelling.

  3. Reasonable suspicion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_suspicion

    Reasonable suspicion is a legal standard of proof that in United States law is less than probable cause, the legal standard for arrests and warrants, but more than an "inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or 'hunch ' "; [1] it must be based on "specific and articulable facts", "taken together with rational inferences from those facts", [2] and the suspicion must be associated with the ...

  4. American Trucking Ass'ns, Inc. v. City of Los Angeles

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Trucking_Ass'ns...

    The stated goal of the program is to "reduce negative impacts that port [trucking] inflicts on the local community." [3] The implementation of this program began in 2007 and required trucking companies to comply with various requirements relating to maintenance of trucks, employment of drivers, and trucking operations. [4]

  5. List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States...

    requiring drug tests for railroad employees is not an unreasonable search under the Fourth Amendment: National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab: 489 U.S. 656 (1989) requiring drug tests for customs inspectors is not an unreasonable search under the Fourth Amendment: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris: 489 U.S. 688 (1989)

  6. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Motor_Carrier...

    The agency was established as a separate administration within U.S. Department of Transportation on January 1, 2000, pursuant to the "Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999." [ 3 ] FMCSA is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and employs more than 1,000 people in all 50 States and the District of Columbia, with the goal of making "roadways ...

  7. National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasury...

    National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656 (1989), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the Fourth Amendment and its implication on drug testing programs. The majority of the Court upheld the drug testing program in the United States Customs Service.

  8. Hours of service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hours_of_service

    Parts of a driver's work day are defined in four terms: On-duty time, off-duty time, driving time, and sleeper berth time.. FMCSA regulation §395.2 states: [5]. On-duty time is all time from when a driver begins to work or is required to be in readiness to work until the driver is relieved from work and all responsibility for performing work.

  9. City of Indianapolis v. Edmond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Indianapolis_v._Edmond

    City of Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32 (2000), [1] was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, 6–3, that police may not conduct vehicle searches, specifically ones involving drug-sniffing police dogs, at a checkpoint or roadblock without reasonable suspicion. [2]