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The gene is also called COX1, CO1, or COI. [7] Cytochrome c oxidase I is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. In humans, mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia , Complex IV deficiency, colorectal cancer , sensorineural deafness , and ...
DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an individual sequence can be used to uniquely identify an organism to species, just as a supermarket scanner uses the familiar black stripes of the UPC barcode ...
Although the cytochrome oxidase I (COI, COX) coding gene (link) is a standard barcode for animals it proved to be unsatisfactory for chlorophytes because the gene contains several introns in this algae group (Turmel et al. 2002). Nuclear marker genes have been used for chlorophytes are SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, rDNA ITS (Leliaert et al. 2014). [38]
Cytochrome Subunit Oxidase I gene (COI) is one of the most widely used markers in barcoding of macroinvertebrates. Other markers that can be used are ribosomal RNA genes 16S and 18S . Moreover, sorting invertebrates into different size categories is useful, since specimens in a sample can vary widely in biomass, depending on species and life stage.
[10] [11] COX3, the protein encoded by this gene, is a member of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 family. This protein is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane . COX3 is a multi-pass transmembrane protein: in human, it contains 7 transmembrane domains at positions 15–35, 42–59, 81–101, 127–147, 159–179, 197–217, and 239–259.
Barcoding was proposed in 2003 by Prof. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph in Ontario as a way of distinguishing and identifying species with a short standardized gene sequence. Hebert proposed the 658 bases of the Folmer region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome-C oxidase-1 as the standard barcode region.
In humans, the MT-CO2 gene is located on the p arm of mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 683 base pairs. [5] The MT-CO2 gene produces a 25.6 kDa protein composed of 227 amino acids . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] MT-CO2 is a subunit of the enzyme Cytochrome c oxidase ( EC 1.9.3.1 ) [ 8 ] [ 9 ] (Complex IV), an oligomeric enzymatic complex of the ...
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV (was EC 1.9.3.1, now reclassified as a translocase EC 7.1.1.9) is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes.