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Like any physical quantity that is a function of velocity, the kinetic energy of an object depends on the relationship between the object and the observer's frame of reference. Thus, the kinetic energy of an object is not invariant. Spacecraft use chemical energy to launch and gain considerable kinetic energy to reach orbital velocity. In an ...
In modern terminology, "dead force" and "living force" correspond to potential energy and kinetic energy respectively. [136] Conservation of energy was not established as a universal principle until it was understood that the energy of mechanical work can be dissipated into heat.
The work–energy principle states that an increase in the kinetic energy of a rigid body is caused by an equal amount of positive work done on the body by the resultant force acting on that body. Conversely, a decrease in kinetic energy is caused by an equal amount of negative work done by the resultant force.
For the case of a conservative force given by the gradient of some potential energy V, a function of the r k coordinates only, substituting the Lagrangian L = T − V gives ˙ ⏟ + ⏟ + = =, and identifying the derivatives of kinetic energy as the (negative of the) resultant force, and the derivatives of the potential equaling the non ...
This results in zero net force, but since the object started with a non-zero velocity, it continues to move with a non-zero velocity. Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force. When kinetic friction is taken into consideration it is clear that there is no net force causing constant velocity motion. [4]: ch.12 [5]
However, this substitution fails for some quantities, including force and kinetic energy. Moreover, the relativistic mass is not invariant under Lorentz transformations, while the rest mass is. For this reason, many people prefer to use the rest mass and account for γ {\displaystyle \gamma } explicitly through the 4-velocity or coordinate time.
In physics and engineering, kinetics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the relationship between the motion and its causes, specifically, forces and torques. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Since the mid-20th century, the term " dynamics " (or " analytical dynamics ") has largely superseded "kinetics" in physics textbooks, [ 4 ...
Energy. kinetic; potential; Force; ... A relationship between velocity, position and acceleration without explicit time dependence can be had by solving the average ...