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The Pioneers or Astrophysics Pioneers Program is a NASA program started in 2020 intended to use small-size hardware. The missions are expected to include SmallSats , Balloon payloads, and payloads attached to the ISS , with a $20M cost cap.
Athena completed successfully its Phase A with the Mission Formulation Review on 12 November 2019. The next key milestone will be the mission adoption by ESA's Science Programme Committee (SPC) expected in 2023 [needs update], leading to launch in 2035. [1] In 2023, the mission was rescoped as NewAthena, with launch date moved to 2037. [6]
The list of proposed missions to the outer planets is a listing of concept studies for an uncrewed or crewed mission to gas giants. Proposed missions to gas giants are typically based on engineering and scientific assessments of technological capabilities at the time of study.
The James Webb Space Telescope launched in December 2021. By the time it launched, JWST cost about US$10 billion. NASA's large strategic science missions or large strategic missions, formerly known as Flagship missions or Flagship-class missions, [1] [2] are the costliest and most capable NASA science spacecraft.
Expedition 8 Commander and Science Officer Michael Foale conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox. ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G (POEMS) payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) inside the Destiny laboratory.
Proposed for the L2 and L3 missions of the Cosmic Vision programme, but eliminated from the running both times. STE-QUEST – Astrophysics demonstration mission focused on testing the equivalence principle. Finalist for the M3 slot in the Cosmic Vision programme, but lost to PLATO. Aurora programme – ESA human spaceflight programme from 2001
Dragonfly and CAESAR, a comet sample return mission to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, were the two finalists for the New Frontiers program Mission 4, [25] [26] and on 27 June 2019, NASA selected Dragonfly for development with a plan to launch in June 2027. [27] [28] On 3 March 2023, Dragonfly passed its preliminary design review (PDR). [29]
The Pandora Mission, Pandora SmallSat, or Pandora, is a small satellite mission known as SmallSat, one of three orbital missions approved by NASA to pass to the next development phase in NASA's Astrophysics Pioneers program. [1] [2] [3] The budget for each mission was $20 million. [4]