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TEE is a semi-invasive procedure in that the probe must enter the body but does not require surgical (i.e., invasive) cutting for this procedure. Before inserting the probe, mild to moderate sedation is induced in the patient to ease the discomfort and to decrease the gag reflex .
Aortic valvuloplasty, also known as balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), is a procedure used to improve blood flow through the aortic valve in conditions that cause aortic stenosis, or narrowing of the aortic valve. It can be performed in various patient populations including fetuses, newborns, children, adults, and pregnant women.
As with other cardiac procedures, mitral valve replacement is associated with risks, such as bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, renal shutdown, cardiac tamponade, stroke, or reaction to anesthesia. [28] The risk of death is about 1%. [29] Risks depend on a patient’s age, general health, specific medical conditions, and heart function. [30]
The Watchman is a one-time implant typically performed under general anesthesia with transesophageal echo guidance (TEE). Similar to a stent procedure, the device is guided into the heart through a flexible tube ( catheter ) inserted through the femoral vein in the upper leg.
Some potential complications associated with the procedure include: [18] Bleeding - catheter insertion into arteries or veins can cause bleeding at the insertion site. Blood vessel damage - insertion of the catheter can also damage the blood vessels and lead to hematoma, which is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels, or vessel ...
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a minimally-invasive procedure performed during resuscitation of critically-injured trauma patients.. Originally developed as a less invasive alternative to emergency thoracotomy with aortic cross clamping, REBOA is performed to gain rapid control of non-compressible truncal or junctional hemorrh
Pre-procedural planning includes aortic valve annulus measurements and possible procedural complication likelihood. The standard for preoperative plans is to perform a multi-detector computed angiotomography (MDCT), which delivers the information required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D echocardiography is an alternative. [15]
Rare complications that may require urgent surgery include valve migration, valve embolization, pulmonary artery occlusion, pulmonary artery rupture, or coronary artery compression impeding blood flow. [4] [5] Death is rare, and is usually attributable to other comorbidities rather than from the implantation procedure itself. [4]