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The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine (1825–1897). [1]
The only variable quantity of the ideal gas law independent of density and pressure is temperature. This scaled quantity is known as virtual temperature, and it allows for the use of the dry-air equation of state for moist air. [5] Temperature has an inverse proportionality to density.
This result (also known as the Clapeyron equation) equates the slope / of the coexistence curve to the function / of the molar latent heat , the temperature , and the change in molar volume . Instead of the molar values, corresponding specific values may also be used.
There are two equations for computing density as a function of height. The first equation is applicable to the standard model of the troposphere in which the temperature is assumed to vary with altitude at a lapse rate of L b {\displaystyle L_{b}} ; the second equation is applicable to the standard model of the stratosphere in which the ...
At 20 °C and 101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m 3. At 70 °F and 14.696 psi, dry air has a density of 0.074887 lb/ft 3. The following table illustrates the air density–temperature relationship at 1 atm or 101.325 kPa: [citation needed]
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] [2] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.
The Lee–Kesler method [1] allows the estimation of the saturated vapor pressure at a given temperature for all components for which the critical pressure P c, the critical temperature T c, and the acentric factor ω are known.
So cool air lying on top of warm air can be stable, as long as the temperature decrease with height is less than the adiabatic lapse rate; the dynamically important quantity is not the temperature, but the potential temperature—the temperature the air would have if it were brought adiabatically to a reference pressure. The air around the ...