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A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). [1] They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine, a fortified red wine from Portugal. A port-wine stain is a capillary malformation, seen at birth. [2]
Sturge–Weber syndrome, sometimes referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, intellectual disability, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors).
A port-wine stain is visible under the nose. On the right side of a cheek, capillary malformations are present. Macrocephaly-capillary malformation ( M-CM ) is a multiple malformation syndrome causing abnormal body and head overgrowth and cutaneous , vascular , neurologic , and limb abnormalities.
It is commonly referred to as "port-wine stain", and is thought to affect approximately 0.5% of the population. [1] Typically capillaries in the papillary dermis are involved, and this gives rise to pink or violaceous colored lesions. [2] The majority of DCMO lesions are diffuse, reticulated pale-colored stains. [3]
Lymphangioma circumscription can be healed when treated with a flashlamp pulsed dye laser, although this can cause port-wine stains and other vascular lesions. [15] Orbital lymphangiomas, which carry significant risks from surgical removal, can also be treated with sclerosing agents, systemic medication, or through observation. [16]
Dog with atopic dermatitis, with signs around the eye created by rubbing. Atopy is a hereditary [3] and chronic (lifelong) allergic skin disease. Signs usually begin between 6 months and 3 years of age, with some breeds of dog, such as the golden retriever, showing signs at an earlier age.
Port-wine stain on leg. Capillary malformations involve the capillaries, and are the most common type. They used to refer only to port-wine stains but now include others. [2] Capillary malformations are limited to the superficial layers of the skin but they can thicken, become nodular, and sometimes become disfiguring. [5]
One or more distinctive port-wine stains with sharp borders; Varicose veins; Hypertrophy of bony and soft tissues, that may lead to local gigantism or shrinking, most typically in the lower body/legs. An improperly developed lymph system; In some cases, port-wine stains (capillary port wine type) may be absent.