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Old Persian alphabet, and proposed transcription of the Xerxes inscription, according to Georg Friedrich Grotefend. Initially published in 1815. [1] Grotefend only identified correctly eight letters among the thirty signs he had collated. [2] The decipherment of cuneiform began with the decipherment of Old Persian cuneiform between 1802 and 1836.
Persian Letters (French: Lettres persanes) is a literary work, published in 1721, by Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, recounting the experiences of two fictional Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, who spend several years in France under Louis XIV and the Regency.
It is a variation of the Arabic script with five additional letters: پ چ ژ گ (the sounds 'g', 'zh', 'ch', and 'p', respectively), in addition to the obsolete ڤ that was used for the sound /β/. This letter is no longer used in Persian, as the -sound changed to , e.g. archaic زڤان /zaβɑn/ > زبان /zæbɒn/ 'language'. [2] [3]
Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian.Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran (Persepolis, Susa, Hamadan, Kharg Island), Armenia, Romania (), [1] [2] [3] Turkey (Van Fortress), and along the Suez Canal. [4]
Gaf (Persian: گاف; gāf), is the name of different Perso-Arabic letters, all representing /ɡ/. They are all derived from the letter kāf , with additional diacritics , such as dots and lines. It is also one of the ten letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being s̱e , xe ...
"The Pascal triangle appears for the first time (so far as we know at present) in a book of 1261 written by Yang Hui, one of the mathematicians of the Song dynasty in China. [26] The properties of binomial coefficients were discussed by the Persian mathematician Jamshid Al-Kāshī in his Key to arithmetic of c. 1425. [27]
The Persian language has been written with a number of different scripts, including Old Persian cuneiform, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) and Avestan. After the Islamic conquest of the Persian Sassanian Empire in 651 AD, Arabic replaced Middle Persian as the language of government, culture and especially religion for the next two centuries.
Že or Zhe (ژ), used to represent the phoneme /ʒ/ ⓘ, is a letter in the Persian alphabet, based on zayn (ز) with two additional diacritic dots.It is one of the five letters that the Persian alphabet adds to the original Arabic script, others being چ, پ and گ, in addition the obsolete ڤ. [1]