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Thus, findings that participants' memory for negative non-arousing words suffers with divided attention, [39] and that the memory advantage for negative, non-arousing words can be eliminated when participants encode items while simultaneously performing a secondary task, [40] has supported the elaborative processing hypothesis as the mechanism ...
Memory errors can also depend on the method of encoding used when initially experiencing or learning information, known as transfer-appropriate processing. [36] Encoding processes can occur at three levels: visual form (the letters that make up a word), phonology (the sound of a word), and semantics (the meaning of the word or sentence).
Organization is key to memory encoding. Researchers have discovered that our minds naturally organize information if the information received is not organized. [36] One natural way information can be organized is through hierarchies. [36] For example, the grouping mammals, reptiles, and amphibians is a hierarchy of the animal kingdom. [36]
Furthermore, negative information is much better remembered whether it violates expectancies or not. [37] Negative emotions have a strong effect on source memory due to the presence of threatening stimuli. [28] [38] Memory is determined by the emotional reaction of people at the encoding stage for both trustworthy and cheaters' facial ...
The hippocampus is known to play a role in the encoding of memory that associates between a face and a name. The experiment began by dividing encoding blocks, in which the participants viewed and attempted to memorize the faces paired with the names, from retrieval blocks, in which the participants were shown only the faces and asked to match ...
A key physiological function of the CA3 is encoding heteroassociative memories using its recurrent circuitry. A seminal hypothesis by John Lisman postulated that during a single theta cycle, a defined set of CA3 principal neurons can activate each other to form a well defined sequence, and the spikes ( action potentials ) of these cells tend to ...
Self-descriptive adjectives that fit into one's self-schema are easier to remember than adjectives not viewed as related to the self. Thus, the self-schema is an aspect of oneself that is used as an encoding structure that brings upon memory of information consistent with one's self-schema. [8]
The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that has been associated with various memory functions. It is part of the limbic system, and lies next to the medial temporal lobe. It is made up of two structures, the Ammon's Horn, and the Dentate gyrus, each containing different types of cells. [1]