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Toilets come in various forms around the world, including flush toilets used by sitting or squatting, and dry toilets like pit latrines. A toilet [ n 1 ] is a piece of sanitary hardware that collects human waste ( urine and feces ), and sometimes toilet paper , usually for disposal.
[80]: 4–8 As cities grew in the 19th century concerns were raised about public health. [81]: 33–62 As part of a trend of municipal sanitation programs in the late 19th and 20th centuries, many cities constructed extensive gravity sewer systems to help control outbreaks of disease such as typhoid and cholera.
Sanitation as defined by the World Health Organization: [2] "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households ...
A flush toilet (also known as a flushing toilet, water closet (WC); see also toilet names) is a toilet that disposes of human waste (i.e., urine and feces) by collecting it in a bowl and then using the force of water to channel it ("flush" it) through a drainpipe to another location for treatment, either nearby or at a communal facility.
Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro A water well in Lothal Water reservoir, with steps, at Dholavira, Gujarat, India. The ancient Indus Valley Civilization in the Indian subcontinent (located in present-day eastern-Pakistan and north-India) was prominent in infrastructure, hydraulic engineering, and had many water supply and sanitation devices that are the first known examples of their kind.
Toilet chair. A close stool was an early type of portable toilet, made in the shape of a cabinet or box at sitting height with an opening in the top.The external structure contained a pewter or earthenware chamberpot to receive the user's excrement and urine when they sat on it; this was normally covered (closed) by a folding lid.
The item — typically in the form of an electronic seat attachment for regular toilets — had a moment in the spotlight at the start of the pandemic, amid toilet-paper supply issues.
In some U.S. markets, a toilet, sink, and shower are considered a "full bath." In addition, there is the use of the word "bathroom" to describe a room containing a toilet and a basin, and nothing else. [citation needed] In Canada, "washroom" is the preferred term for such a room, the same applies to public facilities. [4]