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Nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, and increased heart rate are common early symptoms. Later symptoms include fever and or chills. [6] On examination, the abdomen is rigid and tender. [1] After some time, the bowel stops moving, and the abdomen becomes silent and distended. The symptoms of esophageal rupture may include sudden onset of chest pain.
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Symptoms include abdominal pain which may come and go, vomiting, abdominal bloating, and bloody stool. [1] It often results in a small bowel obstruction. [1] Other complications may include peritonitis or bowel perforation. [1] The cause in children is typically unknown; in adults a lead point is sometimes present. [1]
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1] Any cause of bowel ischemia, the earlier reversible form of injury, may ultimately lead to infarction if ...
This is known as a closed-loop obstruction because there exists an isolated ("closed") loop of bowel. Acute volvulus often requires immediate surgical intervention to untwist the affected segment of bowel and possibly resect any unsalvageable portion. [11] Volvulus occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly men. [11]
Typically such patients complain of defecation urgency and frequent bowel movements, but only small fecal pellets are passed leaving a sensation of incomplete evacuation. During defecation patients may need to support the perineum on both sides, or evacuate fecal pellets from the rectum with a finger. There may be post defecation incontinence.