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A rocket's required mass ratio as a function of effective exhaust velocity ratio. The classical rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is a mathematical equation that describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and can thereby move due to the ...
Thoughts on the use of the rocket principle in the cosmos were expressed by him as early as 1883, and a rigorous theory of rocket propulsion was developed in 1896. Tsiolkovsky derived the formula, which he called the "formula of aviation", now known as Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, establishing the relationship between:
In 1912, Robert Esnault-Pelterie published a lecture [71] on rocket theory and interplanetary travel. He independently derived Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation, did basic calculations about the energy required to make round trips to the Moon and planets, and he proposed the use of atomic power (i.e. radium) to power a jet drive. Robert Goddard
Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket. Tsiolkovsky created the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. Oberth was the first, who presented mathematically analyzed concepts and designs of space ships. [152] Braun´s V2 rocket was the first man made object in space. [153] He led the Apollo program. Thermodynamics: Sadi Carnot (founder) [154]
Tsiolkovsky rocket equation; ... General relativity is a more exact theory than ... a small fraction of the orbital inclination change can be made at the node near ...
In the relativistic case, the equation is still valid if is the acceleration in the rocket's reference frame and is the rocket's proper time because at velocity 0 the relationship between force and acceleration is the same as in the classical case. Solving this equation for the ratio of initial mass to final mass gives
If the exhaust velocity is constant then the total of a vehicle can be calculated using the rocket equation, where M is the mass of propellant, P is the mass of the payload (including the rocket structure), and is the velocity of the rocket exhaust. This is known as the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation:
Rocket mass ratios versus final velocity calculated from the rocket equation Main article: Tsiolkovsky rocket equation The ideal rocket equation , or the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, can be used to study the motion of vehicles that behave like a rocket (where a body accelerates itself by ejecting part of its mass, a propellant , with high speed).