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Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
PCBs may be plated with solder, tin, or gold over nickel. [18] [19] After PCBs are etched and then rinsed with water, the solder mask is applied, and then any exposed copper is coated with solder, nickel/gold, or some other anti-corrosion coating. [20] It is important to use solder compatible with both the PCB and the parts used.
The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. This process is known in the industry as electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). A variant of this process adds a thin layer of electroless palladium over the nickel, a process known by the acronym ENEPIG. [19]
This process is limited to very thin coatings, since the reaction stops after the substrate has been completely covered. Nevertheless, it has some important applications, such as the electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) process used to obtain gold-plated electrical contacts on printed circuit boards.
Electroless nickel immersion gold; Electroless nickel-phosphorus plating; ... FR-4; G. G-10 (material) H. Hot air solder leveling; I. Immersion silver plating; In ...
Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [ 3 ] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating , cleaning, masking, pickling , and etching may be used. [ 1 ]
Bright hard gold on printed circuit board tabs is deposited using lower concentration of gold in the baths. Usually contains nickel and/or cobalt as well. Edge connectors are often made by controlled-depth immersion of only the edge of the boards.
It can be used on copper and its alloys, silver, nickel, iron, gold. The color depends on the duration of immersion, the sequence of colors on brass: Golden yellow-copper-purple-dark, blue-light, blue-chrome-nickel-red-grey, blue, and gray-black to iron or carbon steel. [ 32 ]