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A thin film is a layer of materials ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness. [1] The controlled synthesis of materials as thin films (a process referred to as deposition) is a fundamental step in many applications.
Thin film material coatings on various substrates provide important functionalities for the microfabrication industry, and the n, k, as well as the thickness, t, of these thin film constituents must be measured and controlled to allow for repeatable manufacturing.
Thin-film solar cells are a type of solar cell made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin films or TFs) of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are typically a few nanometers ( nm ) to a few microns ( μm ) thick–much thinner than the wafers used in conventional crystalline ...
In 1972, John Cadotte of North Star Technologies (later FilmTec Corporation) developed the first interfacial polyamide (IP) thin-film-composite (TFC) membrane. [6] The current generation of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane materials are based on a composite material patented by FilmTec Corporation in 1970 (now part of DuPont). Today, most such ...
Plastic film is a thin continuous polymeric material. Thicker plastic material is often called a "sheet". These thin plastic membranes are used to separate areas or volumes, to hold items, to act as barriers, or as printable surfaces. Plastic films are used in a wide variety of applications.
Transparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a number of electronic devices including liquid-crystal displays , OLEDs , touchscreens and photovoltaics .
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