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Here, the still-mic-level signal enters into a microphone preamplifier, which boosts the signal voltage to line level. For this example, the microphone preamplifier is built into a mixing board. It is typical for a mixing board to include a line trim after the preamplifier. This allows the amplitude of the now line-level signal to be adjusted.
Voltage vs. time of sine waves at reference and line levels, with V RMS, V PK, and V PP marked for the +4dBu line level. A line level describes a line's nominal signal level as a ratio, expressed in decibels, against a standard reference voltage. The nominal level and the reference voltage against which it is expressed depend on the line level ...
"Mic level" is sometimes defined as −60 dBV, though levels from microphones vary widely. [5] In video systems, nominal levels are 1 V P-P for synched systems, such as baseband composite video, and 0.7 V P-P for systems without sync. [5] [6] [7] Note that these levels are measured peak-to-peak, while audio levels are time averages.
† Although the mic input is usually mono, the input is still a TRS phone socket. Many mono 'computer' mics are fitted with TRS plugs. The tip is for the MIC and the ring is for power (to power an electret-condenser style MIC). There are exceptions to the above: Hosa cables use grey and orange for left and right analogue channels.
The self-noise or equivalent input noise level is the sound level that creates the same output voltage as the microphone does in the absence of sound. This represents the lowest point of the microphone's dynamic range, and is particularly important should you wish to record sounds that are quiet.
Dynamic range in analog audio is the difference between low-level thermal noise in the electronic circuitry and high-level signal saturation resulting in increased distortion and, if pushed higher, clipping. [23] Multiple noise processes determine the noise floor of a system.