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  2. Earth's magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field

    A magnetic field is a vector field, but if it is expressed in Cartesian components X, Y, Z, each component is the derivative of the same scalar function called the magnetic potential. Analyses of the Earth's magnetic field use a modified version of the usual spherical harmonics that differ by a multiplicative factor.

  3. Magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field

    The shape of the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet are revealed by the orientation of iron filings sprinkled on pieces of paper. A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field[1]) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, [2]: ch1 [3] and magnetic materials.

  4. Geomagnetic pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_pole

    Like the North Magnetic Pole, the North Geomagnetic Pole attracts the north pole of a bar magnet and so is in a physical sense actually a magnetic south pole. It is the center of the 'open' magnetic field lines which connect to the interplanetary magnetic field and provide a direct route for the solar wind to reach the ionosphere.

  5. Magnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism

    Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other. Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic ...

  6. Earth's inner core - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_inner_core

    On the basis of the seismic data, the inner core is estimated to be about 1221 km in radius (2442 km in diameter), [ 5 ] which is about 19% of the radius of the Earth and 70% of the radius of the Moon. Its volume is about 7.6 billion cubic km (7.6 × 1018 m3), which is about 1⁄146 (0.69%) of the volume of the whole Earth.

  7. Force between magnets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_between_magnets

    Force between magnets. Magnets exert forces and torques on each other through the interaction of their magnetic fields. The forces of attraction and repulsion are a result of these interactions. The magnetic field of each magnet is due to microscopic currents of electrically charged electrons orbiting nuclei and the intrinsic magnetism of ...

  8. Demagnetizing field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagnetizing_field

    t. e. The demagnetizing field, also called the stray field (outside the magnet), is the magnetic field (H-field) [1] generated by the magnetization in a magnet. The total magnetic field in a region containing magnets is the sum of the demagnetizing fields of the magnets and the magnetic field due to any free currents or displacement currents.

  9. Magnetization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization

    The magnetization defines the auxiliary magnetic field H as. (SI quantities) (Gaussian quantities) which is convenient for various calculations. The vacuum permeability μ0 is, approximately, 4π × 10−7 V · s / (A · m). A relation between M and H exists in many materials. In diamagnets and paramagnets, the relation is usually linear: where ...