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The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain is an exergonic process. The energy from the redox reactions creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In aerobic respiration, the flow of electrons terminates with molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Light-dependent reactions are certain photochemical reactions involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy. There are two light dependent reactions: the first occurs at photosystem II (PSII) and the second occurs at photosystem I (PSI). PSII absorbs a photon to produce a so-called high energy electron which ...
Pheophytin a, i.e. chlorophyll a without the Mg 2+ ion.. Pheophytin or phaeophytin is a chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of Photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the type II photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria.
[5] [6] [7] When a channel is opened, millions of ions can pass through the membrane per second, but only 100 to 1000 molecules typically pass through a carrier molecule in the same time. [8] Each carrier protein is designed to recognize only one substance or one group of very similar substances.
In many metabolic reactions, a protein that acts as an electron carrier binds to an enzyme that acts as its reductase. After it receives an electron, it dissociates and then binds to the next enzyme that acts as its oxidase (i.e. an acceptor of the electron). These interactions between proteins are dependent on highly specific binding between ...
Q cycle. Schematic representation of complex III of the electron transport chain. The grey area is the inner mitochondrial membrane. Q represents the ubiquinone form of CoQ, and QH 2 represents the ubiquinol (dihydroxyquinone) form. The Q cycle (named for quinol) describes a series of sequential oxidation and reduction of the lipophilic ...
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Ferredoxin: NADP + reductase then transfers an electron from each of two ferredoxin molecules to a single molecule of the two electron carrier NADPH. [2] FNR utilizes FAD , which can exist in an oxidized state, single electron reduced semiquinone state, and fully reduced state to mediate this electron transfer.