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  2. V speeds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds

    V speeds. A single-engined Cessna 150L's airspeed indicator indicating its V-speeds in knots. In aviation, V-speeds are standard terms used to define airspeeds important or useful to the operation of all aircraft. [1] These speeds are derived from data obtained by aircraft designers and manufacturers during flight testing for aircraft type ...

  3. Rotation (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(aeronautics)

    Rotation (aeronautics) An Aeroflot Il-96 rotating. In aviation, rotation refers to the action of applying back pressure to a control device, such as a yoke, side-stick or centre stick, to lift the nose wheel off the ground during takeoff. An aircraft moves at any given moment in one or more of three axes: roll (the axis that runs the length of ...

  4. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    Rotation matrix. In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix. rotates points in the xy plane counterclockwise through an angle θ about the origin of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

  5. Balanced field takeoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_field_takeoff

    Balanced field takeoff. In aviation, a balanced field takeoff is a condition where the takeoff distance required (TODR) with one engine inoperative and the accelerate-stop distance are equal for the aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft configuration and runway condition. [1] For a given aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft configuration ...

  6. Rotation formalisms in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_formalisms_in...

    Rotate the vector v = (X, Y, Z) around the rotation vector Q = (X, Y, Z). The angle of rotation will be θ = ‖ Q ‖. Calculate the cosine of the angle times the vector to rotate, plus sine of the angle times the axis of rotation, plus one minus cosine of the angle times the dot product of the vector and rotation axis times the axis of rotation.

  7. Orthogonal transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_transformation

    Orthogonal transformations in two- or three- dimensional Euclidean space are stiff rotations, reflections, or combinations of a rotation and a reflection (also known as improper rotations). Reflections are transformations that reverse the direction front to back, orthogonal to the mirror plane, like (real-world) mirrors do.

  8. Takeoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeoff

    Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff. For aircraft that take off horizontally, this usually involves starting with a transition from moving along the ground on a runway. For balloons, helicopters and some specialized fixed ...

  9. Rotation around a fixed axis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axis

    v. t. e. Rotation around a fixed axis or axial rotation is a special case of rotational motion around an axis of rotation fixed, stationary, or static in three-dimensional space. This type of motion excludes the possibility of the instantaneous axis of rotation changing its orientation and cannot describe such phenomena as wobbling or precession.