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Shortening is any fat that is a solid at room temperature and is used to make crumbly pastry and other food products. The idea of shortening dates back to at least the 18th century, well before the invention of modern, shelf-stable vegetable shortening. [1] In the earlier centuries, lard was the primary ingredient used to shorten dough. [2]
Fat (as lard, shortening, butter or traditional margarine) is rubbed into plain flour to create a loose mixture that is then bound using a small amount of ice water, rolled out, then shaped and placed to create the top or bottom of a pie. Often, equal amounts of butter and lard are used to make the pastry, ensuring that the combined weight of ...
Soft doughs, such as many chocolate chip cookie doughs, have a liquid-to-dry ratio of about 1:3. Soft doughs stick significantly to work surfaces. Soft doughs stick significantly to work surfaces. Stiff doughs , such as pie crust and sugar cookie doughs, have a liquid-to-dry ratio of about 1:8.
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The chunks of shortening keep the rolled particles of dough in the flaky pastry separate from each other, so that when the dough is baked they become flakes. [6] This yields a different texture from puff pastry, where rectangles of dough and fat are rolled and folded together in such a way that the result is a number of uniform sheets of pastry ...
A variety of baked bread with a firm exterior and soft crumbly interior, made with baking powder as a leavening agent (rather than yeast), flour, salt, shortening or butter and milk or buttermilk. It is also known as quick bread in the US. A variation is biscotti (Italy). Bread [4] Egypt and Europe
1. Martha Washington’s Crab Soup. First lady Martha Washington’s crab soup was served often during the Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eisenhower administrations.
Generally, it is made up of at least shortening or another fat, water, flour, and salt. [1] It may also include milk, sugar, or other ingredients that contribute to the taste or texture. An egg or milk wash can be used to decorate the outside, as well as coarse sugar. A crust contributes to a pastry.