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Convicted computer criminals are people who are caught and convicted of computer crimes such as breaking into computers or computer networks. [1] Computer crime can be broadly defined as criminal activity involving information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from ...
Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. [1]
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (CFAA) is a United States cybersecurity bill that was enacted in 1986 as an amendment to existing computer fraud law (18 U.S.C. § 1030), which had been included in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984.
These two groups of attackers can be grouped together because they are similar in goals. However, hacktivists and terrorists differ in how they commit cyber crimes. Hacktivism is a term that was coined in the early days of the World Wide Web. It is derived from a combination of two words: hacking and activism. [2]
Thomas G.A. Brown, who later oversaw the office's unit investigating complex fraud and cybercrime, was the prosecutor in the Wade, Vitale, and Moeller investigations.
Malicious code is a broad category that encompasses a number of threats to cyber-security. In essence it is any “hardware, software, or firmware that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose.” [6] Commonly referred to as malware it includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, keyloggers, BOTs, Rootkits, and any software security exploits.
Computer fraud is the use of computers, the Internet, Internet devices, and Internet services to defraud people or organizations of resources. [1] In the United States, computer fraud is specifically proscribed by the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), which criminalizes computer-related acts under federal jurisdiction and directly combats the insufficiencies of existing laws.
A person that commits a criminal act typically believes that its benefits will outweigh the risk of being caught and punished. Negative economic factors, such as unemployment and income inequality , can increase the incentive to commit crime, while severe punishments can deter crime in some cases.