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  2. Sister chromatids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_chromatids

    In mitosis, the sister chromatids separate into the daughter cells, but are now referred to as chromosomes (rather than chromatids) much in the way that one child is not referred to as a single twin. Schematic karyogram of a human, showing a diploid set of chromosomes as seen in the G 0 and G 1 phases of the cell cycle (before DNA synthesis ...

  3. Chromatid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatid

    Non-sister chromatids, on the other hand, refers to either of the two chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes, that is, the pairing of a paternal chromosome and a maternal chromosome. In chromosomal crossovers , non-sister (homologous) chromatids form chiasmata to exchange genetic material during the prophase I of meiosis (See Homologous ...

  4. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    After the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, the spindle fibers will pull them apart. The chromosomes are split apart while the sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell. [29] As the sister chromatids are being pulled apart, the cell and plasma are elongated by non-kinetochore microtubules. [30]

  5. Chromosome regions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_regions

    The sister chromatids will be distributed to each daughter cell at the end of the cell division. Whereas if the chromosome is isobrachial (centromere at centre and arms of equal length), the p and q system is meaningless. At either end of a chromosome is a telomere, a cap of DNA that protects the rest of the chromosome from damage.

  6. Bivalent (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalent_(genetics)

    A tetrad is the association of a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids) physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. This physical attachment allows for alignment and segregation of the homologous chromosomes in the first meiotic division. In most organisms, each replicated chromosome (composed of two identical sisters ...

  7. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    The independent orientation of homologous chromosome pairs along the metaphase plate during metaphase I and orientation of sister chromatids in metaphase II, this is the subsequent separation of homologs and sister chromatids during anaphase I and II, it allows a random and independent distribution of chromosomes to each daughter cell (and ...

  8. Homologous recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination

    It occurs during and shortly after DNA replication, in the S and G 2 phases of the cell cycle, when sister chromatids are more easily available. [29] Compared to homologous chromosomes, which are similar to another chromosome but often have different alleles , sister chromatids are an ideal template for homologous recombination because they are ...

  9. Cohesin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesin

    Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1 and SCC3 (SA1 or SA2 in humans). Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids. The complex forms ...