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In multilinear algebra, mode-m flattening [1] [2] [3], also known as matrixizing, matricizing, or unfolding, [4] is an operation that reshapes a multi-way array into a matrix denoted by [] (a two-way array). Matrixizing may be regarded as a generalization of the mathematical concept of vectorizing.
After flattening, arrays are represented as single-dimensional value vector V containing scalar elements, alongside auxiliary information recording the nested structure, typically in the form of a boolean flag vector F. The flag vector indicates, for the corresponding element in the value vector, whether it is the beginning of a new segment.
The use of indices presupposes tensors in coordinate representation with respect to a basis. The coordinate representation of a tensor can be regarded as a multi-dimensional array, and a bijection from one set of indices to another therefore amounts to a rearrangement of the array elements into an array of a different shape.
In image processing, a kernel, convolution matrix, or mask is a small matrix used for blurring, sharpening, embossing, edge detection, and more. This is accomplished by doing a convolution between the kernel and an image. Or more simply, when each pixel in the output image is a function of the nearby pixels (including itself) in the input image ...
There are three variants: the flattening , [1] sometimes called the first flattening, [2] as well as two other "flattenings" ′ and , each sometimes called the second flattening, [3] sometimes only given a symbol, [4] or sometimes called the second flattening and third flattening, respectively.
An increase of Laravel's userbase and popularity lined up with the release of Laravel 3. [1] Laravel 4, codenamed Illuminate, was released in May 2013. It was made as a complete rewrite of the Laravel framework, migrating its layout into a set of separate packages distributed through Composer, which serves as an application-level package manager.
The pivot or pivot element is the element of a matrix, or an array, which is selected first by an algorithm (e.g. Gaussian elimination, simplex algorithm, etc.), to do certain calculations. In the case of matrix algorithms, a pivot entry is usually required to be at least distinct from zero, and often distant from it; in this case finding this ...
In other words, the matrix of the combined transformation A followed by B is simply the product of the individual matrices. When A is an invertible matrix there is a matrix A −1 that represents a transformation that "undoes" A since its composition with A is the identity matrix. In some practical applications, inversion can be computed using ...