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Within the broad category of neuroendocrine tumors there are many different tumor types, [10] representing only a small proportion of the tumors or cancers in most of these tissues [citation needed]: Pituitary gland: Neuroendocrine tumor of the anterior pituitary; Thyroid gland: Neuroendocrine thyroid tumors, particularly medullary carcinoma
Gastrinoma is the second most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), with a yearly incidence of approximately 0.5 to 21.5 cases per a million of people worldwide. [5] Gastrinomas are located predominantly in the duodenum (70%) and pancreas (25%). [ 20 ]
Due to presence of these tumors, DIPNECH is classified as a pre-malignant condition. [1] Although there have been reports of atypical carcinoids with local lymph node involvement, there are no reports of more aggressive neuroendocrine tumors, such as large cell neuroendocrine or small cell lung cancer, associated with DIPNECH. [3]
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is best defined separately:Neuroendocrine: Of, relating to, or involving the interaction between the nervous system and the hormones of the endocrine glands. Carcinoma: An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (formerly known as carcinoid tumors). [1] The syndrome is caused by neuroendocrine tumors most often found in the gut releasing biologically active substances into the blood causing symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure, vomiting ...
Low-grade nodular neuroendocrine proliferations ≥ 0.5 cm are classified as carcinoid tumors and smaller ones are called pulmonary tumorlets. When neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets are extensive, they represent the rare preinvasive lesion for carcinoids known as " diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia ".
According to the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, the prevalence of pheochromocytoma is between 1:2,500 and 1:6,500, meaning that for every 2,500–6,500 people, there is (on average) one person with pheochromocytoma. [170] In the United States, this equates to an annual incidence (new cases per year) of 500 to 1,600 cases. [170]
A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma. They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1 in 300,000. [1]