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The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon (/ ˈ p ɪ dʒ. ə n / also / ˈ p ɪ dʒ. ɪ n /; Columba livia) is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). [3]: 624 In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon", although this is the wild form of the bird; the pigeons most familiar to people are the domesticated form of the wild rock dove.
The family occurs worldwide, often in close proximity with humans, but the greatest diversity is in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. Columbidae contains 344 species divided into 50 genera . 59 species are listed as threatened, and 13 are extinct , [ 2 ] including the dodo , an island bird, and the passenger pigeon , whose flocks were ...
In Project Sea Hunt, a US coast guard search and rescue project in the 1970s/1980s, pigeons were shown to be more effective than humans in spotting shipwreck victims at sea. [47] Research in pigeons is widespread, encompassing shape and texture perception, exemplar and prototype memory, category-based and associative concepts, and many more ...
Feral pigeons are widely considered pests, and can be reservoirs and vectors of some human and livestock diseases, such as salmonellosis and tuberculosis. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] However, it is rare that a pigeon will transmit a disease to humans due to their immune system. [ 21 ]
Earliest published illustration of the species (a male), Mark Catesby, 1731 Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus coined the binomial name Columba macroura for both the mourning dove and the passenger pigeon in the 1758 edition of his work Systema Naturae (the starting point of biological nomenclature), wherein he appears to have considered the two identical.
The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba species are mostly termed "pigeons", and in many cases "wood pigeons", but some (including the type species of the genus), are termed "doves".
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This page is a list of the genera of pigeons and doves (the family Columbidae), which are a clade of bird species of cosmopolitan distribution. The group has 310 living species. [1] [2] [3] Extinct species assignment follows the Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [4] and Paleofile.com websites. [5]