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In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. [1] The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme by analogy with phoneme and other emic units. The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of graphemes is abstract and similar to the notion in computing of a ...
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Graphemics or graphematics is the linguistic study of writing systems and their basic components, i.e. graphemes.. At the beginning of the development of this area of linguistics, Ignace Gelb coined the term grammatology for this discipline; [1] later some scholars suggested calling it graphology [2] to match phonology, but that name is traditionally used for a pseudo-science.
In an ideal phonemic orthography, there would be a complete one-to-one correspondence between the graphemes (letters) and the phonemes of the language, and each phoneme would invariably be represented by its corresponding grapheme. So the spelling of a word would unambiguously and transparently indicate its pronunciation, and conversely, a ...
grapheme Latin phone English approximation A [ä] Similar to u in cut when short. Transliteration of Greek short α . [äː] Similar to a in father when long. Transliteration of Greek long α . E [ɛ] As e in pet when short. Transliteration of Greek ε . [eː] Similar to ey in they when long. Transliteration of Greek η , and ει in some cases.
For example, the grapheme à requires two glyphs: the basic a and the grave accent `. In general, a diacritic is regarded as a glyph, [ 2 ] even if it is contiguous with the rest of the character like a cedilla in French , Catalan or Portuguese , the ogonek in several languages, or the stroke on a Polish " Ł ".
This template is intended to be used to summarize the content of articles about graphemes. It automatically attaches a notice about the use of IPA symbols (see above/to the side) and a category tag for Category:Graphemes. Below is the full syntax for the template and the options for various parameters.
In the X Window System (Linux, BSD, Unix), AltGr can often be used to produce additional characters with almost every key on the keyboard. Furthermore, with some keys, AltGr will produce a dead key ; for example on a UK keyboard , semicolon can be used to add an acute accent to a base letter, and left square bracket can be used to add a trema :