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In April 2024, it was revealed that the BHI vulnerability in certain Intel CPU families could be still exploited in Linux entirely in user space without using any kernel features or root access despite existing mitigations. [76] [77] [78] Intel recommended "additional software hardening". [79] The attack was assigned CVE-2024-2201.
The processor executes the SMM code in a separate address space (SMRAM) that has to be made inaccessible to other operating modes of the CPU by the firmware. [7] System Management Mode can address up to 4 GB memory as huge real mode. In x86-64 processors, SMM can address >4 GB memory as real address mode. [8]
The vulnerability is known to affect Skylake and later processors from Intel and Zen-based processors from AMD. [ 54 ] In February 2023, a team of researchers at North Carolina State University uncovered a new code execution vulnerability called Spectre-HD, also known as "Spectre SRV" or "Spectre v6".
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
The vulnerabilities are in the implementation of speculative execution, which is where the processor tries to guess what instructions may be needed next. They exploit the possibility of reading data buffers found between different parts of the processor. [1] [2] [6] [7] Microarchitectural Store Buffer Data Sampling (MSBDS), CVE-2018-12126
Intel distributes microcode updates as a 2,048 (2 kilobyte) binary blob. [1] The update contains information about which processors it is designed for, so that this can be checked against the result of the CPUID instruction. [1] The structure is a 48-byte header, followed by 2,000 bytes intended to be read directly by the processor to be ...
The ME is colloquially categorized as ring −3, below System Management Mode (ring −2) and the hypervisor (ring −1), all running at a higher privilege level than the kernel (ring 0). The Intel Management Engine (ME), also known as the Intel Manageability Engine, [1] [2] is an autonomous subsystem that has been incorporated in virtually all ...
On 9 June 2020, researchers from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam published a side-channel attack named CrossTalk (CVE-2020-0543) that affected RDRAND on a number of Intel processors. [36] They discovered that outputs from the hardware digital random number generator (DRNG) were stored in a staging buffer that was shared across all cores.