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The risk of enlarged ventricles on brain scan (associated with schizophrenia symptoms and biologically suggestive of Emil Kraepelin's dementia praecox) was greatly increased if the subjects had both a higher genetic load for schizophrenia and lower birthweight. The investigators suggested that in utero insults may specifically stress those with ...
An inadequate diet is often found in schizophrenia, and associated vitamin deficiencies including those of folate, and vitamin D are linked to the risk factors for the development of schizophrenia and for early death including heart disease. [226] [227] Those with schizophrenia possibly have the worst diet of all the mental disorders.
Multiple genetic and environment factors have been associated with increased risk for developing schizophrenia. [30] Furthermore, response to treatment with anti-psychotic medication is variable, with some patients being resistant to some therapies. [31]
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
These associated risk factors are also present in antisocial personality disorder which when present as a comorbid disorder greatly increases the risk of violence. [52] [53] A review in 2012 showed that schizophrenia was responsible for 6 per cent of homicides in Western countries. [52]
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
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