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Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. [1] In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite ( stoichiometric ) ratio.
Hydrates are inorganic salts "containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal" [1] that are either bound to a metal center or that have crystallized with the metal complex. Such hydrates are also said to contain water of crystallization or water of hydration.
A common practice is to cool the solutions by flash evaporation: when a liquid at a given T 0 temperature is transferred in a chamber at a pressure P 1 such that the liquid saturation temperature T 1 at P 1 is lower than T 0, the liquid will release heat according to the temperature difference and a quantity of solvent, whose total latent heat ...
Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties. [1] The word crystallography is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krústallos; "clear ice, rock-crystal"), and γράφειν (gráphein; "to write"). [2]
The other is with the incorporation of water molecules directly into the crystalline structure of a new mineral, [1] as with the hydration of feldspars to clay minerals, garnet to chlorite, or kyanite to muscovite. [citation needed] Mineral hydration is also a process in the regolith that results in conversion of silicate minerals into clay ...
Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites. [1] [2] Polymers can crystallize upon cooling from melting, mechanical stretching or solvent evaporation ...
Water of crystallization; Wigner–Seitz cell; Wulff construction; Wyckoff positions; X. X-ray crystallography; X-ray diffraction; Z. Zener ratio; Zone axis
Once single perfect crystals have been obtained, it is recommended that the crystals are kept in a sealed vessel with some of the liquid of crystallization to prevent the crystal from 'drying out'. Single perfect crystals may contain solvent of crystallization in the crystal lattice. Loss of this internal solvent from the crystals can result in ...