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Although all anabolic steroids have androgenic effects, some of them paradoxically results in feminization, such as breast tissue in males, a condition called gynecomastia. These side effect are caused by the natural conversion of testosterone into estrogen and estradiol by the action of aromatase enzyme, encoded by the CYP19A1 gene. [105]
Testosterone or other anabolic steroids have also been investigated for treatment of sarcopenia, and seem to have some positive effects on muscle strength and mass, but cause several side effects and raise concerns of prostate cancer in men and virilization in women.
Ethylestrenol, also known as ethyloestrenol or ethylnandrol and sold under the brand names Maxibolin and Orabolin among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which has been used in the past for a variety of indications such as to promote weight gain and to treat anemia and osteoporosis but has been discontinued for use in humans. [2]
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism ...
Oxandrolone is an androgen and synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain in various situations, to help offset protein catabolism caused by long-term corticosteroid therapy, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain associated with osteoporosis, to aid in the development of girls with Turner syndrome, and for other indications.
The desired effects of steroid precursors however, are often not seen as they do not bind well to androgen receptors. [46] Examples of prohormones include norandrostendione, androstenediol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). [45] These steroids have little desired effect compared to anabolic steroids, but have the same side effects. [47]
Common side effects of testosterone include acne, swelling, and breast enlargement in men. [9] Serious side effects may include liver toxicity, heart disease, and behavioral changes. [9] Women and children who are exposed may develop masculinization. [9] It is recommended that individuals with prostate cancer should not use the medication. [9]
When the oil-steroid solution gets into the bloodstream, the steroid oil solution travels into the lungs, therefore causing a coughing fit. There exist several theories on why this phenomenon happens. [9] It is possible that the androgenic effect from steroids activates a variety of lipid-like active compounds which are called prostaglandins. [10]