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A curtain wall is an exterior covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, instead serving to protect the interior of the building from the elements. Because the curtain wall façade carries no structural load beyond its own dead load weight, it can be made of lightweight materials.
Minimum and maximum room ceiling heights, exit sizes and location; Qualification of individuals or corporations doing the work; For high structures, anti-collision markers for the benefit of aircraft; Building codes are generally separate from zoning ordinances, but exterior restrictions (such as setbacks) may fall into either category.
Interior loadbearing walls are framed in the same way as exterior walls. Studs are usually 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm × 89 mm) lumber spaced at 16 in (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 in (300 or 610 mm) depending on the loads supported and the type and thickness of the wall finish used. [12]
Exterior roof panels are usually a single continuous length from eave to ridge line for gable style buildings or from low eave to high eave on single slope or shed style buildings. Many manufacturers provide minimum 24 gauge (nominal: 0.0239 inch; 0.61 mm) thick sheet steel in self-framing roof designs.
The thickness of insulation is determined by building code requirements as well as performance requirements set out by the architect. The system is a form of double-wall construction that uses an outer layer to keep out the rain and an inner layer to provide thermal insulation, prevent excessive air leakage and carry wind loading.
The staggered truss system came about due to sponsored research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Departments of Architecture and Civil Engineering [1] in the 1960s by U.S. Steel. [2] The research attempted to achieve the same floor-to-floor height with steel as you could with flat plate concrete. [ 2 ]
A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building — that is, it bears the weight of the elements above said wall, resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure. [1] The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.
Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America and was first used on masonry buildings.