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Vacuum drying is the mass transfer operation in which the moisture present in a substance, usually a wet solid, is removed by means of creating a vacuum. In chemical processing industries like food processing , pharmacology, agriculture, and textiles, drying is an essential unit operation to remove moisture. [ 1 ]
Dielectric drying (radiofrequency or microwaves being absorbed inside the material) is the focus of intense research nowadays. It may be used to assist air drying or vacuum drying. Researchers have found that microwave finish drying speeds up the otherwise very low drying rate at the end of the classical drying methods.
Drying of solids can be brought about by storing the solid over a drying agent such as phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5) or silica gel, storing in a drying oven/vacuum-drying oven, heating under a high vacuum or in a drying pistol, or to remove trace amounts of water, simply storing the solid in a glove box that has a dry atmosphere.
A vacuum dry box and safety equipment. A vacuum dry box is a piece of safety equipment which can provide an inert, or controlled atmosphere for handling sensitive materials. [1] These devices can commonly be found in the fume hoods of chemistry labs, [2] in facilities handling deadly pathogens, in NASA [3] Moon rock handling facilities and in ...
vacuum oven with oil pump. In chemistry, a vacuum oven is an oven that can also apply a vacuum to its contents. Such devices are useful for removing solvent or dehydrating samples. They are equivalent to Abderhalden's drying pistol in some ways, but vacuum ovens typically can
Forensic labs use vacuum ovens that have been configured in specific ways to assist in developing fingerprints. Gravity convection ovens are used for biological purposes such as removing biological contaminants from samples. Along with forced-air ovens, they are also used in environmental studies to dry out samples that have been taken.
Many salts and solids can be dried using heat, or under vacuum. Desiccators can also be used to store reagents in dry conditions. Common desiccants include phosphorus pentoxide and silica gel. Chemists may also require dry glassware for sensitive reactions. This can be achieved by drying glassware in an oven, by flame, or under vacuum.
Vacuum systems usually consist of gauges, vapor jet and pumps, vapor traps and valves along with other extensional piping. A vessel that is operating under vacuum system may be any of these types such as processing tank, steam simulator, particle accelerator, or any other type of space that has an enclosed chamber to maintain the system in less than atmospheric gas pressure.