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Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ tʃ aʊ ˈ ʃ ɛ s k uː / chow-SHESK-oo; Romanian: [nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku] ⓘ; 26 January [O.S. 13 January] 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.
Romanian state television announced that Nicolae Ceaușescu had been responsible for the deaths of 60,000 people; [3] the announcement did not make clear whether this was the number killed during the Romanian Revolution in Timișoara [4] [5] [6] or throughout the 24 years of Ceaușescu's rule. Nevertheless, the charges did not affect the trial.
During the Cold War, Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu presided over the most pervasive cult of personality within the Eastern Bloc.Inspired by the personality cult surrounding Kim Il Sung in North Korea and Mao Zedong in China, it started with the 1971 July Theses which reversed the liberalization of the 1960s, imposed a strict nationalist ideology, established Stalinist totalitarianism ...
Romania became a member of NATO and the European Union in 2004 and 2007, respectively. While democratic reforms have proven to be moderately successful, [19] [20] [21] though issues with corruption remain. [22] Economic reforms continue, with Romania still possessing, for example, one of the highest child poverty rates in the developed world ...
Antonescu planned on attacking Hungary to recover Transylvania at the first opportunity and regarded Romanian involvement on the Eastern Front in part as a way of proving to Hitler that Romania was a better German ally than Hungary, and thus deserving of German support when the planned Romanian-Hungarian war began. [146]
The Kingdom of Romania was under Fascist rule from 1937 to 1944, under several successive governments. These were the National Christian Party between December 1937 and February 1938; the sole legal party from 1938 to 1940, the National Renaissance Front; the Iron Guard between September 1940 and January 1941; and the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu from 1940 to 1944.
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian: Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (Republica Populară Romînă, RPR).
Elena Ceaușescu (Romanian pronunciation: [eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku]; born Lenuța Petrescu; 7 January 1916 [2] – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania.