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Ruins of Madrid's Muslim wall, built in the 9th century. The primitive urban nucleus of Madrid (Majriṭ) was founded in the late 9th century (from 852 to 886) as a citadel erected on behalf of Muhammad I, the Cordobese emir, on the relatively steep left bank of the Manzanares. [1]
1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded. [11] 1832 – Lhardy patisserie in business. [12] 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded. 1836 Biblioteca Nacional established. [7] Literary University relocates to Madrid. 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated. 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated. [13] 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
The 1979 municipal election brought Madrid's first democratically elected mayor since the Second Republic to power. Madrid was the scene of some of the most important events of the time, such as the mass demonstrations of support for democracy after the failed coup, 23-F, on 23 February 1981.
Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great ...
The Republic of Spanish Haiti gained independence from Spain in 1821, was occupied by Haiti, then gained independence as the First Dominican Republic; reoccupied by Spain 1861-1865, the Second Dominican Republic gained independence but was occupied by the United States 1916-1924.
The conquest of Granada, and the first voyage of Columbus, both in 1492, made that year a critical inflection point in Spanish history. The voyages of the explorers and conquistadors of Spain during the subsequent decades helped establish a Spanish colonial empire which was among the largest ever.
Restoration of Independence, first established in 1811. November 15, 1838 Central America Costa Rica: June 19, 1839 Belgium Luxembourg: Grand Duchy re-established by the Treaty of London in personal union with the Netherlands (until 1890). August 25, 1839 Peru-Bolivia Confederation Bolivia: Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1825.
Year Date Event 1469: 19 October: Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were married, laying the foundation for the unification of the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon into Spain. 1474: 10 December: The reign of Isabella began. 1475: The War of the Castilian Succession began. Vasco Nunez de Balboa was born. 1478: The Spanish ...