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Miconazole is a widely used topical antifungal medication for the treatment of many fungal infections, namely skin infections, nail infections and vaginal candidiasis. The drug is usually formulated in creams, powders and sprays. However, it is suggested that patients developing acute porphyrias should avoid using this drug.
This includes fungal infections of the nails and scalp, as well as the skin when antifungal creams have not worked. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Common side effects include allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, headache, trouble sleeping, and feeling tired. [1] It is not recommended in people with liver failure or porphyria. [1]
Terbinafine is an antifungal medication used to treat pityriasis versicolor, fungal nail infections, and ringworm including jock itch and athlete's foot. [1] [2] [3] It is either taken by mouth or applied to the skin as a cream or ointment. [1] [4] The cream and ointment should not be used for fungal nail infections. [5]
Before oral antifungal therapies are used to treat nail disease, a confirmation of the fungal infection should be made. [36] Approximately half of suspected cases of fungal infection in nails have a non-fungal cause. [36] The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs. [36]
Because fungal skin infections are often accompanied by significant inflammation, this is a desirable property. The fact that butenafine has intrinsic anti inflammatory properties is also desirable since it is not necessary to add topical glucocorticoids , which often come with undesired side effects.
Nystatin may be used by mouth, in the vagina, or applied to the skin. [1] Common side effects when applied to the skin include burning, itching, and a rash. [1] Common side effects when taken by mouth include vomiting and diarrhea. [1] During pregnancy use in the vagina is safe while other formulations have not been studied in this group. [1]
Some superficial fungal infections of the skin can appear similar to other skin conditions such as eczema and lichen planus. [7] Treatment is generally performed using antifungal medicines , usually in the form of a cream or by mouth or injection , depending on the specific infection and its extent. [ 15 ]
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes. [5] Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures. [5] During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects. [6] [5] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication. [5]